Cause/Effect analysis

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Sleep deprivation can have serious effects on your health in the form of physical and mental impairments. Inadequate rest impairs our ability to think, handle stress, maintain a healthy immune system and moderate our emotions. In fact, sleep is so important to our overall health that total sleep deprivation has been proven to be fatal: lab rats denied the chance to rest die within two to three weeks.
Without adequate rest, the brain's ability to function quickly deteriorates. The brain works harder to counteract sleep deprivation effects, but operates less effectively: concentration levels drop, and memory becomes impaired.
Similarly, the brain's ability to solve problems is greatly impaired. Decision-making abilities are compromised, and the brain falls into rigid thought patterns that make it difficult to generate new problem-solving ideas. Insufficient rest can also cause people to have hallucinations. Other typical effects of sleep deprivation include weight changes.

Dramatic weight changes, especially weight gain, are also common effects of sleep deprivation. Because the amount and quality of the sleep we get affects our hormone levels, namely our levels of leptin and ghrelin, many physiological processes that depend on these hormone levels to function properly, including appetite, are affected by our sleep.
Leptin is a hormone that affects our feelings of fullness and satisfaction after a meal, and ghrelin is the hormone that stimulates our appetites. When you suffer from sleep deprivation, your body’s levels of leptin fall and ghrelin levels increase. This means that you end up feeling hungrier without really feeling satisfied by what you eat, causing you to eat more and, consequently, gain weight.

Edited Text:

Sleep deprivation can affect you. Inadequate rest impairs our brain and body. In fact, sleep deprivation might be fatal.
Without rest, the brain's ability to function deteriorates; it works harder, but operates less effectively. Similarly, its ability to solve problems is impaired. It also causes hallucinations. Other effects include weight changes.

Weight gain is another effect. The quality of our sleep affects our leptin and ghrelin levels. Leptin is a hormone that affects our feeling of satisfaction after meals, and ghrelin stimulates our appetite. When you suffer from this, these hormone levels fall and increase respectively. So, you feel hungrier.

Comprising information

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Adam Smith, the founder of modern economics, proposed a theory in the eighteenth century that has made him controversial ever since. This British economist, who was born in Scotland and educated in England, wrote the first complete study of political economy. The Wealth of Nations was published in the same year that Americans declared their independence from England – that was 1776. Smith’s book pointed out and directed attention to the interdependence of freedom and order, economic processes, and free trade laws. Although his thinking did not really affect economic policies significantly during his lifetime, its influence in the next century was considerable. Among economist, “the invisible hand” and “ laissez- faire” are synonymous with Smith’s name. History has only -made Smith’s ideas more controversial. Say “Adam Smith” to conservative businesspeople, and those same people will smile and make a response with words like “He was a good man – really understood how business works!” Say “Adam Smith” to liberal reformers and they will grimace and mutter something along the lines of “He was an idol man – really sold the average citizen down the river.” Both of these reactions are extreme, but such responses indicate that the controversy aroused by Smith’s ideas is still alive.

Edited text:

Adam Smith founded modern economics and proposed a theory in the eighteenth century that has made him controversial. This economist was born in Scotland and educated in England; he wrote the first complete study of political economy. The Wealth of Nations was published in the same year of the independence of America – that was 1776. Smith’s book pointed out the interdependence of freedom and order, economic processes, and free trade laws. Although his thinking did not affect economic policies, its influence in the next century was considerable. Among economists, “the invisible hand” and “ laissez- faire” are synonymous with Smith. Say “Adam Smith” to conservative businesspeople, and those will smile and response. Say “Adam Smith” to liberal reformers and they will grimace and mutter something. These reactions are extreme, but these indicate that Smith’s ideas are still alive.

Extra Conciseness - Endorphins: Natural Pain and Stress Fighters

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Endorphins are among the brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters, which function to transmit electrical signals within the nervous system. At least 20 types of endorphins have been demonstrated in humans. Endorphins can be found in the pituitary gland, in other parts of the brain, or distributed throughout the nervous system.
Stress and pain are the two most common factors leading to the release of endorphins. Endorphins interact with the opiate receptors in the brain to reduce our perception of pain and act similarly to drugs such as morphine and codeine. In contrast to the opiate drugs; however, activation of the opiate receptors by the body's endorphins does not lead to addiction or dependence.
In addition to decreased feelings of pain, secretion of endorphins leads to feelings of euphoria, modulation of appetite, release of sex hormones, and enhancement of the immune response. With high endorphin levels, we feel less pain and fewer negative effects of stress. Endorphins have been suggested as modulators of the so-called "runner's high" that athletes achieve with prolonged exercise. While the role of endorphins and other compounds as potential triggers of this euphoric response has been debated extensively by doctors and scientists, it is at least known that the body does produce endorphins in response to prolonged, continuous exercise.
Endorphin release varies among individuals. This means that two people who exercise at the same level or suffer the same degree of pain will not necessarily produce similar levels of endorphins. Certain foods, such as chocolate or chilli peppers, can also lead to enhanced secretion of endorphins. In the case of chilli peppers, the spicier the pepper, the more endorphins are secreted. The release of endorphins upon ingestion of chocolate likely explains the comforting feelings that many people associate with this food and the craving for chocolate in times of stress.
Even if you don't participate in strenuous athletics, you can also try various activities to increase your body's endorphin levels. Studies of acupuncture and massage therapy have shown that both of these techniques can stimulate endorphin secretion. Sex is also a potent trigger for endorphin release. Finally, the practice of meditation can increase the amount of endorphins released in your body.

Medical Author: Melissa Conrad Stoppler, MD.
Medical Editor: William C. Shiel, Jr, MD, FACP, FACR.

Edited text:

Endorphins are among neurotransmitters. At least 20 types of endorphins have been demonstrated in humans. Endorphins can be found in the pituitary, in other parts of the brain, or throughout the nervous system.
Stress and pain are the most common factors leading to endorphin release. Endorphins interact with the opiate receptors in the brain to reduce pain and act like drugs such as morphine. In contrast to the opiate drugs; however, activation of the opiate receptors by the body's endorphins is not addictive.
Besides to decreased feelings of pain, secretion of endorphins leads to euphoria, modulation of appetite, release of sex hormones, and enhancement of the immune response. With high endorphin levels, we feel less pain and stress. Endorphins have been suggested as modulators of the so-called "runner's high" that athletes achieve with prolonged exercise. While the role of endorphins has been debated, it is known that the body does produce endorphins in response to prolonged exercise.
Endorphin release varies. Two people who exercise similarly or suffer the same pain will not necessarily produce similar levels of endorphins. Chocolate and chilli peppers can also lead to endorphin secretion. In the case of chilli peppers, the spicier the pepper, the more endorphins are secreted. The release of endorphins upon ingestion of chocolate explains the comforting feelings that many people associate with it.
Even if you don't participate in strenuous athletics, you can also try activities to increase your endorphin levels; acupuncture and massages can do it. Sex is also a potent trigger for endorphin release. Finally, meditation can increase the amount of endorphins released.